1) Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
2) Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
3) Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
4) Gastrointestinal Surgery/Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
5) Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
6) Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, the American College of Surgeons
7) UCLA School of Medicine
8) Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan

Shigeru Marubashi¹⁾, Yoshihiro Kakeji²⁾, Hiroaki Miyata³⁾, Yasuyuki Seto⁴⁾, Yuko Kitagawa⁵⁾, Lina Hu⁶⁾⁷⁾, Clifford Ko⁶⁾⁷⁾, Mitsukazu Gotoh⁸⁾