J.Jpn. Surg. Soc.. 55(8): 908-917, 1954

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Original article

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE INTRA-ARTERIAL TRANSFUSION
PART I. THE INVESTIGATION OF THE ARTERIAL PRESSURE AND THE BLOOD GAS

The author has studied the relative effectiveness of intra-arterial and intra-venous transfusion in the treatment of experimental hemorrhagic shock. Using dogs as the experimental animals, hemorrhage was accomplished by bleeding from an indwelling arterial cannula into the same bottle as that used for transfusion, and the transfusions were administered rapidly under pressure by the two routes, either femoral artery or vein, by means of a pressure bottle infusion apparatus. The animals were heparinized prior to bleeding. The volume infused was same as that removed. The following observations were made:
1. The recovery rate of arterial pressure following rapid transfusion by the two routes were found to be similar. The infusion of saline solution produced the same instantaneous rise in the arterial pressure as the blood transfusion, although duration of the maintenance of the restored pressure was shorter.
2. No significant difference was found in oxygen content of both arterial and venous blood recovering from hemorrhagic shock following rapiss intra-arterial or intravenous transfusion. Saline infusion was also effective in restoring the low oxygen level.
3. The recovery of alkali reserve of arterial and venous blood revealed no difference with either intra-arterial or intra-venous transfusion. Following saline infusion it was reduced for hemodilution.
4. Saline infusion after bleeding resulted within fifteen minutes the disappearance of about thirty per cent of the injected volume from circulatory system, calculated from the hemoglobin contents.
5. By means of arteriography, it was demonstrated that the infused solution from the femoral artery filled the higher portion of descending aorta reversely to the degree of the lowered arterial pressure.
6. Respiratory gasp was equally observed following rapid infusion of either blood or saline which were given intra-arterially and intra-venously.
7. Cardiac failure was never caused by the two methods under the conditions described. From the above findings, it has been (concluded that intra-arterial and intra-venous transfusion under the described experimental conditions were equally effective in restoring the reduced arterial pressure, blood oxygen, and alkali reserve in the hemorrhagic shock. Saline infusion was similarly effective, though not durable.
(author's abstract)

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